What is it ?
The « genu varum » or « varus » is a morphology where the lower limb bent outward.
Morphological Pathology
Varus
Clinical presentation
In a static standing position, the knees are not in contact but the feet are. Mechanically, it means that the load applies on the medial femorotibial compartment of the knees.
When to consult a specialist?
This morphology may be a problem if the varus is severe, because of hyperpressure on the medial femorotibial compartment of the knee, with sometimes meniscal tear or cartilage damage. A knee specialist should be consulted in case of problems or pain due to the varus deformity.
Non surgical treatment
Orthopaedic sole may help the posture and the way of walking; physiotherapy may help the dynamic role of the thigh and trunk muscles to improve the biomechanics of walking. Preferred sports are low impact activities as cycling, swimming.
Surgical treatment
A surgical treatment is rarely necessary, only in case of severe varus and associated problems (medial meniscal tear, medial femorotibial arthritis): the goal of the surgery is to correct the lower limb deformity by doing a wedge “osteotomy” (the bone is cut and its shape is corrected), where the deformity is, which is often on the proximal tibia in case of varus deformity.
Postoperative follow-up
After an osteotomy, waking is possible with crutches, partial weight bearing, in order to let the bone heal. The knee range of motion is free, according to pain.
Risks and complications
Complications are rare but may be a delayed bone healing, or infections; risk factors are tobacco consumption and obesity.